How to Detect Geographic Atrophy & AMD Before Vision Loss

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss, affecting millions of adults over the age of 50. One of the most severe forms of AMD is geographic atrophy (GA), which progressively damages the macula—the part of the eye responsible for central vision. Detecting AMD and GA early is crucial for preserving vision and preventing irreversible damage.

Understanding AMD and Geographic Atrophy

AMD is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina. It comes in two primary forms:

• Dry AMD – The most common type, accounting for about 85-90% of cases, dry AMD occurs when drusen (yellow deposits) build up under the retina, causing gradual central vision loss. In advanced stages, dry AMD can develop into geographic atrophy.
• Wet AMD – A less common but more severe form of AMD, wet AMD results from abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina, leading to rapid vision loss.

Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced stage of dry AMD. It involves the breakdown of retinal cells, causing well-defined areas of atrophy in the macula. Over time, GA can severely impact daily activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

Early Warning Signs of AMD and GA

Detecting AMD and GA before significant vision loss requires vigilance. Some of the earliest signs include:

• Blurry or distorted central vision – Straight lines may appear wavy, or objects may seem blurry, especially when reading or looking at faces.
• Dark or blank spots in vision – Areas of central vision may become shadowed or missing altogether.
• Difficulty adapting to low light – Trouble seeing in dim lighting or taking longer to adjust from bright to dark environments.
• Reduced color perception – Colors may appear less vivid or washed out.
• Increased glare sensitivity – Bright lights may cause discomfort or make it difficult to see clearly.

How to Detect AMD and GA Before Vision Loss

Routine eye exams are the most effective way to detect AMD and GA before significant vision loss occurs. These exams allow eye doctors to identify early signs of retinal damage and implement strategies to slow disease progression. Several diagnostic tools play a crucial role in detecting and monitoring these conditions.

Comprehensive eye exams involve regular dilated eye exams, which enable eye doctors to thoroughly examine the retina and macula for early signs of drusen or atrophy. This is often the first step in detecting AMD before noticeable vision changes occur.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging test that provides a detailed cross-sectional view of the retina. By using light waves to capture high-resolution images, OCT helps detect structural changes and thinning of the retinal layers, which can indicate the early stages of AMD or GA.

Fundus Photography utilizes high-resolution retinal imaging to document and track the progression of AMD over time. These images allow eye doctors to compare changes in the retina and detect the development of geographic atrophy before it significantly impacts vision.

Amsler Grid Test is a simple at-home screening tool used to monitor vision changes. Patients look at a grid and check for distortions, missing areas, or any abnormalities in their central vision. Any noticeable changes while using the Amsler grid should prompt an immediate eye exam.

Fluorescein Angiography is sometimes used to evaluate abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage in the retina. This test involves injecting a special dye into the bloodstream, which highlights blood flow in the retina and helps doctors distinguish between dry and wet AMD.

Protect Your Vision at Reed Optical

Detecting AMD and geographic atrophy before vision loss is essential for maintaining eye health and quality of life. Early symptoms can be subtle, making routine eye exams critical for early detection. By staying proactive with regular screenings and healthy lifestyle choices, you can take steps to slow the progression of these conditions and preserve your vision.

Schedule an eye exam with Reed Optical to monitor your eye health and detect AMD before it affects your vision. Visit our offices in Claremont or Sunapee, New Hampshire. Call (603) 543-3125 to book an appointment today.